freethefly

The Michigan study is the most well known of its kind. The other two links do qoute from the MI study. http://www.fordschool.umich.edu/research/pdf/drugtest.pdf http://www.clasp.org/admin/site/publications/files/0520.pdf http://www.acluutah.org/TANFDrugTesting.pdf There is an Oklahoma study, but I cannot find it. However, the Governor of Oklahoma wants to scrap the program that does work and follow suit with Florida. A study in Oklahoma found that a questionnaire accurately detected 94 out of 100 drug abusers. http://newsok.com/aclu-opposes-policy-of-drug-testing-welfare-recipients/article/3595078 You may, also, find this study to be interesting concerning drug testing and work related accidents. http://www.aiha.org/aihce04/handouts/rt227rountree1.pdf "...And once you're gone, you can't come back When you're out of the blue and into the black." Neil Young

I wasn't being a smart-ass. Research on any given subject is critical for debate. My first reaction when I heard of drug testing for recipients was 'it sounds good, but...'. I needed both sides of the story before I could come to a reasonable conclusion on my thought of the program. After reading through a large number of studies, I concluded that it was a waste of money and the other methods were far more cost effective. Why would I post about fighting the DOT in this thread? This thread concerns drug testing of politicians and the link that Pops posted relates to welfare recipients as well. I am not o.k. with drug users getting the taxpayers money. I am not o.k. with users of alcohol getting the taxpayers money. I am not o.k. with the waste of taxpayers money on programs that have proven to fail. Studies have proven that the are far better systems that do work and are cost effective. Mass drug testing is a colossal failure (, but a boom for the drug testing industry.) You fail to understand what I wrote. "...And once you're gone, you can't come back When you're out of the blue and into the black." Neil Young

How do you conclude that I am blaming society? Explain. I would agree if there were no programs available to help people get back to work. Given the reality of today's job market, life can be rough in a lot of areas of the country. I would wager that more than 99% of recipients use their $200.00 some dollars for living expense. I doubt if they are out doing cocaine every night, if any night. How so? Explain. Given the fact the States that did test recipients, stopped testing due to the program being a waste of money, drug testing is not needed. Those States found that a questionnaire worked far better than piss in s cup. Explain the blatant hypocrisy of my post. Are you speaking of roadside testing? They do that around here on a regular basis. On average, they catch just a few per month. Taxpayers money would be better spent if the 10 or so cops at a roadside test were out patrolling, instead of sitting on their butts. I don't drink. It does irritate me to sit in traffic for up to 30 minutes while they give each person a breath test. They would catch more drunk drivers by observing drivers as they patrol, than they do by trying to test every driver coming down a certain road. Not very cost effective. Did you read this link? : http://www.aclu.org/drug-law-reform/drug-testing-public-assistance-recipients-condition-eligibility Do some research on the subject, as I did. I first thought testing was a good idea, until I read the outcome from other States. There are better ways. "...And once you're gone, you can't come back When you're out of the blue and into the black." Neil Young

Waste of money. Testing politicians may sound good, but like the welfare recipients, it will only become more of a burden to the taxpayer. Not so sure where the savings will be by testing politicians, or anyone else. Michigan put an end to their welfare testing program when it was shown that less than 10% of recipients tested positive. There was no savings, only loss. Florida's taxpayers will lose millions if they continue. http://www.aclu.org/drug-law-reform/drug-testing-public-assistance-recipients-condition-eligibility http://www.wftv.com/news/28908436/detail.html Myself, I'm required to be tested. DOT/FTA requirement. I don't use any drugs (including alcohol), but if they want to waste their money, let them. It's a private company. As for using taxpayers money? The savings need to be weighed against the loss. Studies show that it is a waste. The taxpayer needs to know the facts. I would think, if they did, they would not want these programs. Missouri does test, but only if a recipient shows signs of abuse. Much better and cheaper than testing everyone. "...And once you're gone, you can't come back When you're out of the blue and into the black." Neil Young

Brother, I've lost hope in both parties. I doesn't matter who is president. My hope is in the American people to step up and buy American. Keep the money here so we all can proper. If possible, spend a little more for the American made product. If everyone did that, American companies will prosper and China will tank. American made product will eventually come down in price. It will take time, but America is worth the cost. "...And once you're gone, you can't come back When you're out of the blue and into the black." Neil Young

We can lower wages to China's level of wages, but then Americans would by far worst off. In the past, it seems, people were happy to pay a little more because it supported America and American jobs and that got quality. Somewhere along the way people got hooked on cheaply made products from China. I got hooked, also. I bought work boots from Walmart that were made in China. Those boots would last, at most, 6 months. Am I saving any money when I am paying $30-50.00 every 6 months for new boots? No, I am not. The last pair of boots I bought was over two years ago. I bought a pair of American made Wolverines. They cost me $130.00. They will be needing new soles before long, but they have not fallen apart at the stitches like the Chinese boots from Walmart always did. I love my Wolverine boots and know that I will be wearing them for a number of years to come. No Chinese company can come close to the quality of Wolverine or Red Wing boots. The last pair of Red Wing boots that I had, I wore for more than 5 years. They were stolen as I left them outside of the Sperry rail car to dry. I guess some hobo needed them more than I did. In need of boots, I bought at Walmart. That cost me a small fortune over the years, until I got wise and bought the Wolverines. $130.00 boots that will last for years compared to $30.00 boots that will last maybe 6 months? Do the math. The $130.00 boots are the better investment. The same goes with riding leather. I bought the chaps I wear back in the 80s. I paid over $200.00 for them. Bought them at a Jim's Cycle Shop in Axtell, Texas when I lived in Mexia, Texas. The chaps are by Dallas Leather. 100% American made. Sure, I could had saved $150.00 by buying some cheap ass crap from China, but then I would be replacing them in less than 1 year. $200.00+ for the Dallas Leather chaps near 30 years of use was money well spent. They are still in great shape. I recently replaced my leather jacket. The jacket I did wear was near 30 years old (and it looks it). It was a Leather Rider. 100% American made. It withstood riding through snow, rain storms, sand storms... anything mother nature could throw at it and it came out on top. I paid more than $200.00 for that jacket in the mid eighties. Money well spent. No Chinese made jacket at 1/4 the price could last the number of years the old Leather Rider lasted. My new jacket is a Fox Creek Leather http://www.foxcreekleather.com/60-mens-all-season-motorcycle-jackets/5-classic-motorcycle-jacket-i After all said and done it cost me over $500.00. This jacket will last the rest of my life. It is 100% guaranteed. They will repair it for free if I am in a crash (or if a stitch comes out). No Chinese company will give you the guarantee and quality that an American company will on motorcycle leathers. Sure, I could had bought some cheap ass Chinese made leather jacket for under $100.00 and saved more than $400.00, but I would be replacing it in a year or so. Do the math. Replace a $100.00 jacket every year or so, or pay a one time cost of $500.00 for a high quality American made jacket that will last for at least 30 years. I do everything I can to buy American. At times, I have no choice but to buy Chinese garbage. It really pisses me off. But if given the choice between paying more for a high quality American made product or paying 1/4 of the price for a low quality Chinese product, I do the math and buy American. "...And once you're gone, you can't come back When you're out of the blue and into the black." Neil Young

Jaycee Dugard is not a sexual predator. She was the victim of Phillip Garrido, a career sexual predator. "...And once you're gone, you can't come back When you're out of the blue and into the black." Neil Young

The American Iron and Steel Institute points out: “China has implemented a comprehensive program to promote its steel industry through a combination of direct subsidies and access to inputs at below-market prices. The result of these policies has been to provide a substantial subsidy to the producers of many green technology products, who benefit directly from artificially low steel prices in China. This subsidy—combined with many other benefits the government of China provides to its green technology producers—has damaged U.S. employment growth and cost U.S. green technology competitors millions of dollars in lost sales.” http://www.steel.org/en/sitecore/content/Global/Document%20Types/News/2010/AISI%20Condemns%20Chinese%20Subsidies%20That%20Undercut%20US%20Producers%20And%20Cost%20Jobs.aspx I think it is clear that China will do anything it can to destroy American manufacturing to keep Americans stuck in the rut of having to depend on cheap garbage. The answer is to apply high tariffs on all products from China. They artificially lower cost in China so that American manufacturing cannot even begin to compete, unless we lower wages to less than $1.00 an hour! At that wage an American might as well just stick a gun in his or her mouth and pull the trigger. Fact is, China is screwing us. America needs to grow a back bone and toughen up. We need to deny China at every turn. We need to boycott everything they ship here. We need to slam them with huge tariffs. We need to put them on their knees and let them grovel in the muck of their making. We need to just say no more. "...And once you're gone, you can't come back When you're out of the blue and into the black." Neil Young

Every union official that led the USWA local that I was a member of worked on the factory floor alongside everyone else. The people who moved up to the International started on factory floors and were blue collar. When I worked with the Carpenters Council of St. Louis, every leader were carpenters, not lawyers. Every union leader starts out voted in as a rep on the floor. If he/she does good, the membership will vote them into a higher position all the way to the international level. No one votes in some shyster lawyer to lead the union. Union officials are not made up of lawyers. "...And once you're gone, you can't come back When you're out of the blue and into the black." Neil Young

The main culprit is China's strategy to undercut American manufacturing at every turn. It is not just this company, it is all America's manufacturing that is in danger of closing doors due to undercutting from China. The Obama haters will jump on this and cast all blame on the Democrats attempt to get the economy back on track. How can America stay on any track when China will do anything to derail American jobs? Americans need to stop pointing fingers at the other side and focus on the real cause of our collapsing country and eminent doom - China. BOYCOTT CHINA! Google Search: http://www.google.com/search?q=why%20china%20undercut%20america&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a&source=hp&channel=np The price for solar panels has tanked in the past year largely because of heavy competition from Chinese firms. The price for solar panels has dropped by about 42 percent this year. http://www.nowpublic.com/world/lights-out-solar-plant That's because it was not American solar companies who undercut prices so harshly that it sent Evergreen Bankrupt, it was the Chinese solar manufactures. http://community.nasdaq.com/News/2011-08/chinese-solar-gives-american-solar-a-run-for-their-money.aspx?storyid=91407 "...And once you're gone, you can't come back When you're out of the blue and into the black." Neil Young

that description would fit about 95% of the SC-posters.. Being an atheist, that means, to me, 95% of the SC-posters do not exist! "...And once you're gone, you can't come back When you're out of the blue and into the black." Neil Young

Yup, Ingersoll-Rand has done it for years. From Bermuda to Ireland. Still, they call themselves an American company. My opinion (as well as others), they deserve zero protection under U.S. law. Any misfortune that comes upon them, screw them. They do not support the U.S., the U.S. should not support them. "...And once you're gone, you can't come back When you're out of the blue and into the black." Neil Young

Not necessarily. Plenty of kids have gone astray, regardless how well the parents did. Plenty of kids have got back on the right track, once confronted with their actions. Unless the thief is in the house, he/she is not a threat. Come inside, and things could get bad. I would hope he or she would heed my warning. Back in 1983 my house was burglarized while I was at sea. They stole my stereo, all of my tapes, a Winchester Model 94, my Les Paul, all of my tools, bike parts, my scuba gear, and all the food and beer in the refrigerator. Was I mad? Hell yes I was. Called the police and filed a report. Got everything back, except for the tape and some bike parts. Hats off to Detective Fellows of the San Diego PD. More than a year later, they arrested the guy who did it. In 1992 my truck, a 1980 GMC Sierra 3/4 ton, was stolen in Mississippi. Extremely nice truck. I put a lot into her. Had tools, tapes, clothes, and a few other things in it. Never got it back. I was mad, but not mad enough that I would kill for it. An object is just an object. I'm not about to creep around a corner and kill someone for taking an object that can be replaced. Also I likely doubt that you would be happy that someone killed your child for merely stealing an object. I know that I wouldn't be. I could more understand if he or she threatened to hurt or kill the homeowner, but to be shot without warning or shot after warning, but no attack on the owner is not excusable. To be shot while running away seems to be even worst. At what point do we just toss out the police and the courts and just shoot whomever we feel is a threat? Cut me off in traffic? Fuck you! You could had killed me. Should be reason enough to kill someone. Right? You are trespassing on my property. You might be a murderer. Why should I wait to see if you are only passing through my backyard. Shoot to kill. Right? Come into my house at night while I'm there, my attitude changes. If you fail to heed my warning and come at me, there will be a shot fired. At that point, what else can one do? It may be a kill shot or a warning. Either way I'll pull the trigger. Hopefully, I'll make the right decision. "...And once you're gone, you can't come back When you're out of the blue and into the black." Neil Young

Way back, more than 40 years ago, in elementary school, Meadow Lane in Lemoore, CA., if caught fighting, Mr. Chevess would make you put on the boxing gloves and you duke it out. If caught picking on someone, the kid being picked on got to hit you with the gloves on. Let the bully know how it feels to be picked on. That always seemed to settle things. Today, I doubt that kind of lesson would be allowed. For the record, I was never bullied nor had I ever bullied another kid. Did have a few fist fights at recess that resulted in Mr. Chevess's boxing match. "...And once you're gone, you can't come back When you're out of the blue and into the black." Neil Young

Who said that it was okay? Hypothetical: Let's say... your son smoked some pot, maybe was drunk, or even doing meth. I catch him in my garage stealing my tools and I put a bullet into his head. Would you pat me on my back and claim that I did the right thing and that the scumbag got what he deserved? After all, a bullet in the head fits the punishment deserved for stealing some tools. Right? Or would you rather I held your son until the police arrive? Maybe even have a burglar alarm or video to catch him? "...And once you're gone, you can't come back When you're out of the blue and into the black." Neil Young

No, but two Wongs make a White. I was told, when I was very young, that two wongs do not make a white. Unless, of course, the wongs are almost white or one wong is alwhite. Even then, it is debatable whether it is white or not that two wongs make a white. I guess one could be half wong and half white. It's probably wong that I'm even whiting this. But it's alwhite as I do not care if I am wong or not. And whether you are alwhite or not with it is your prerogative. But I could be wong. "...And once you're gone, you can't come back When you're out of the blue and into the black." Neil Young

Where did you get that idea? Where did I get what idea? That was a quote from the article ... the guy doesn't even understand that a rifle is a gun. Where did you get the idea that I missed that quote? I didn't. I read the editorial, start to finish. I made no attempt to debunk every false or dumb statement he made - I didn't have all night to respond. Technically, a gun is not a rifle. A "gun" has a smooth bore, like a shotgun, while a "rifle" has grooves cut into it to make a bullet spin. The USMC made this very clear to me in boot camp. Woe be to he who called his M-14 a "gun"... But I haven't a clue what the author of the piece meant by that statement. But hand guns have rifling, don't they/ Yes. Confusing, isn't it! If I remember correctly from weapons training, a pistol and/or rifle is a firearm, while a cannon, such as a howitzer, is a gun. "...And once you're gone, you can't come back When you're out of the blue and into the black." Neil Young

This seems to fit the argument and explain it well. http://www.markmartellaw.com/DynamicContentPage.shtml?ss=fln-faq-question.xsl#owner Generally speaking, an owner of property may not use deadly force to defend the property. Society values human life and bodily integrity much higher than property. Therefore, the life, health and safety of an individual, even an intruder, is considered to be more valuable than the china or stereo which that individual is trying to steal. An owner is not prohibited, however, from invoking self-help methods in defending property from another. An owner of property is entitled to use reasonable force to prevent someone, or something, from entering onto her property or to remove something from her property. What, under normal circumstances, may constitute a battery, assault, or other intentional tort, will not be considered unlawful in situations where it is performed as a reasonable use of self-help in defense of property. However, the use of force calculated to do great bodily harm, or cause death, is not permitted. One narrow limitation upon the use of deadly force is authorized. Where an intruder threatens personal safety, as well as a threat to property, or where the intruder is committing a forcible felony, deadly force may be appropriate. For example, if a robber enters a home and, while stealing items, attempts to rape the homeowner, the owner may be justified in shooting the robber. However, an owner who witnesses a neighborhood child stealing a bicycle from the owner's garage, without any threat of bodily harm, is not justified in shooting that child. We have castle doctrine law in Missouri, but the law does not allow you to kill someone who is merely stealing property. "Forcible felony", any felony involving the use or threat of physical force or violence against any individual, including but not limited to murder, robbery, burglary, arson, kidnapping, assault, and any forcible sexual offense; http://www.stltoday.com/news/article_038cdf5e-04f2-5a73-9e45-39f532ac1d4e.html Ed Postawko, a top aide to St. Louis Circuit Attorney Jennifer Joyce, said Missouri law generally permits use of lethal force if someone invades a home or occupied vehicle. He spoke with the understanding that he was commenting generally and not about Kemp's death. "Basically if someone is trying to get into your car, you don't have to wait for someone to flash a gun in your face," Postawko said. He said the law is fashioned to permit people to kill to protect themselves or others against a significant threat. "You cannot use deadly force to protect your property," Postawko said. "Property can be replaced. Lives cannot." Some insight from Officer.com http://forums.officer.com/archive/index.php/t-69442.html There are a number of cases where defendants are provoking castle doctrine law. One is a case in Kansas City. In that case a man shot and killed a person for stealing an old go-cart from his backyard. Sure the guy was a thief, but does the punishment fit the crime? Another is a man who shot at a purse thief 5 times as the thief was running away (3 times as he ran across a parking lot and twice out on the street.) Missouri conceal carry law does not permit a person to kill or even shoot at a person stealing outside your home if no personal threat is present. Do we really want people shooting at thieves out on the street where a stray bullet could potentially kill a child or any other person? Personally, if I am awaken in the middle of the night by someone burglarizing my home, they might get shot. But even that depends on a number of things. I wouldn't want to kill a 13yo kid who is making a mistake. I would hope that I do the right thing, regardless of the person's age. I would hope that I have the frame of mind to announce that I have a gun pointing at his/her head. I would hope they do not make a move towards me provoking deadly force. I would rather they lay down while I call the police. If they refuse and decide to attack it's their fault when they get shot. If they jump out the window? I'll let them go. File a report and hope they are caught. If a person is in my yard stealing lawn furniture, a car, or even my Harley, I'm not about to kill someone for what can be replaced. I wonder how many people, who are in favor of killing people for stealing, would applaud if it were their kid shot dead while stealing something like a stereo or bicycle. I would imagine that they would come to the defense of their child and contend that the punishment did not fit the crime. "...And once you're gone, you can't come back When you're out of the blue and into the black." Neil Young

There was a drastic loss from Nov. 07 to Jan. 09, followed by a steep turn around with a fast drop and quick pick up around Aug. 2010 and leveling out, somewhat. All of that was under Dem control. Looking at the two charts (BLS chart expanded to 1945), it appears that the Rep have close to the same amount of success and failure. So, it make one wonder who really has control. Is it the President, congress, or business itself? When I compare the spikes to years at war, it seems that war itself is responsible quick gains and loss. So what is responsible for the spikes in between wars? I think it really depends on what is happening around the world more than it does on who controls congress and the White House. It's just easier for people to blame one side or the other, than to look at the whole picture. "...And once you're gone, you can't come back When you're out of the blue and into the black." Neil Young

I fixed the link. Look at the chart. It looks toi me like everything was really good until the dem's took control of congress. Looking at the chart at this link http://uspolitics.about.com/od/usgovernment/l/bl_party_division_2.htm Dems held both, the Senate and the House, 22 out of 33 sessions since 1945. I think that it goes without saying that the Dems the brunt of the criticism. Expanding the years on the Labor chart, it appears that most job lost occurs after war activity. I'm not so sure that either a republican or democrat led Senate or House can control the downward spikes any more than they can create upward spikes.. "...And once you're gone, you can't come back When you're out of the blue and into the black." Neil Young

We never wore safety glasses or ear protection, way back in the 60s, when my dad took us out to shoot. My dad got my older brother a Stevens .22LR. I shot that when I was around 6 years old. No glasses or ear muffs. Got my Mossberg .20ga at age 10. Never wore glasses or ear muffs. To this day, I have never wore safety glasses or ear muffs. 2 weeks ago I took a hearing test for a job. Perfect hearing. I can more understand wearing safety glasses and muffs at a range or at an indoor range, as other shooters are directly to your left and right. Does anyone here wear safety glasses and ear muffs while hunting? "...And once you're gone, you can't come back When you're out of the blue and into the black." Neil Young

It's not just hate of Muslims and NYC. Some are yelling about a Catholic memorial across from the Alfred P. Murrah site in OKC. McVey was raised Catholic. http://www.dailykos.com/story/2010/08/16/893568/-Catholic-Church-desecrates-site-of-Oklahoma-City-bombing This is nicely put: http://freakoutnation.com/2010/08/16/should-no-churches-be-allowed-near-the-oklahoma-city-bomb-site/ I'm not religious. I have no belief in any type of god at all. I do believe in the sentiment of our constitutional rights. As with the Catholic memorial in OKC, the Muslim community center is fine with me. Even if it wasn't, I do not have to like it, I only must respect their rights as Americans. If I wish for others to respect my constitutionally protected rights, I must respect theirs. Do unto others as you would have others do unto you. Is that not what the bible tells its reader? If so, then they should practice it. "...And once you're gone, you can't come back When you're out of the blue and into the black." Neil Young

Why should the Feds (taxpayers) pay this bill for Texas. They should have a State tax to cover their own cost. Hell, they could save a fortune if they quickly deport them. Perry does tend to talk out of both sides of his face. That makes him very dangerous. http://news.yahoo.com/perry-bills-feds-349m-incarcerating-illegals-025702439.html While we're at it. A little peek into the dangerous dark abyss that is the religious mindset. http://news.yahoo.com/perry-signs-pledge-anti-gay-marriage-amendment-161046437.html Others vying for the Republican presidential nomination, including Michelle Bachmann, Mitt Romney and Rick Santorum, have also signed it, according to Brian Brown, president of Washington-based National Organization for Marriage, which campaigns against same-sex marriage. I guess governmental intrusion is fine, as long as it fits in with their religious agenda. "...And once you're gone, you can't come back When you're out of the blue and into the black." Neil Young

My reply to the first email scam: Hello Dear Sir, Oh my, you may very well be sent from God, I have been praying as my health has not been so well. I recently retired two years ago from my job. Even though I have saved a large amount of money, I fear that it could be gone in 10 years. Doctors are expensive. I would hate to have to sell my house and land to pay doctors. I am 70 years old and cannot go back to work. I did get a lot of money from my wife's life insurance, when she died last year. These days $250,000 dollars is not a lot of money. I hope to give the money to my children when I die. I hope that I am not sounding greedy. I would like to help and hope you don't think I am doing it just for the money. I am a God fearing man and can be trusted. I am a deacon at the church I attend. I will not tell anyone of our arrangement as they might not understand. Bless You. Robert His reply back: Hello Dear , Many thanks for your prompt reply to my mail and i sincerely hope you understand what this means to me under the present circumstance. SOURCE OF MONEY: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/2988455.stm Some money in various currencies was discovered concealed in barrels with piles of weapons and ammunitions at a location near one of Saddam,s old palaces during a rescue operation, and it was agreed by all parties present that the money be shared amongst us, this was quite an illegal thing to do, but I tell you what? no compensation can make up for the risks we have taken with our lives in this hell hole. The sum of $12M was given to me as my share, and to conceal this kind of money became a problem for me, so with the help of a Diplomat contact working here that his office enjoys some immunity, I was able to get the package out to Dubai,United Arab Emirates. He does not know the real contents of the package and he has sucessfully deposited it with a Diplomatic security company in Dubai,and i will request them to send the package to you when I am sure that you are willing to assist me.One passionate appeal I will make to you is not to discuss this matter with a third party, should you have reasons to reject this offer, please destroy this mail as any leakage of this information will be too bad for us.I do not know for how long we will remain here, and I have survived 6 suicide bomb attacks by the special grace of God, this and other reasons I will mention later has prompted me to reach out for help, I honestly want this matter to be resolved immediately. Please contact me as soon as possible and kindly fill up this requirements: Your full name: Your country: Contact phone/fax number Age: Occupation: Regards, Mr Ali Ibrahim. I'm considering possibilities to his request for personal information so as to not to alarm him that he is being baited. I love fucking with these scumbags. "...And once you're gone, you can't come back When you're out of the blue and into the black." Neil Young

Here's a nut sack who believes that a god is using athletes to save as many people as possible before the "end time" arrives. http://www.bible-knowledge.com/athletes-glorifying-god/ I believe that many of these professional Christian athletes are God’s anointed ones being used by Him in these last days to reach as many people as He possibly can before it is too late. Do not deny these professional athletes the chance and opportunity to reach some of the lost that may not be able to be reached in any other way. You are dealing with eternal fate of a person’s soul and nothing is more important than that!cuckoocuckoocuckoo "...And once you're gone, you can't come back When you're out of the blue and into the black." Neil Young