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Nursat

XIX century and our days

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Skydiving actually establishes a compelling connection with the crowd, and surprisingly more so back then. There were many meandering parachutists-pilots who, looking for income, showed skydiving in various nations. Andre-Jacques Garnerin was one of the primary balloonists to show expand trips in 1803 in Russia. There were a ton of excited parachutists in Russia itself. The paper "Moskovskie Vedomosti" for 1806 reports that the Russian balloonist Alexandrovsky lifted off on an enormous inflatable and took a parachute leap. The adrenaline junkie securely slid to the ground and was excitedly welcomed by the crowd. 

In the account of Bulgarin from 1824, the broad utilization of travel bag parachutes for hopping from inflatables is depicted in the future[1]. Parachutes of that time had a significant disadvantage - the consistent shaking of the vault while plunging. The issue was at long last tackled by the British. In 1834, Cocking made a drop as an upset cone. Tragically, around the same time, when testing this framework, the arch edge couldn't withstand the heap and collapsed, and the Cocking kicked the bucket. Another researcher, Lalande, proposed making an opening in conventional parachute frameworks for air to escape from under the arch. This rule has demonstrated viable is as yet utilized in many parachute frameworks. 

Before the century's over, the most famous in Russia was an entire group of parachutists - Jozef and Stanislav Drevnitsky and their sister Olga. Locals of Warsaw, the siblings became keen on skydiving on purpose. In 1891, they started with trips on tourist balloons, however before long became persuaded that inflatable flights were unsafe. So balloonists who have a parachute on board have a preferred possibility of salvation over the people who treat the parachute derisively. Jozef and Stanislav developed a suspended parachute like those utilized by Garneren, and started testing it. They moved to a kilometer stature, and Jozef Drevnitsky leaped out of the bin. The parachute suspended from the bin was hung on a slight rope, what fell to pieces from the jerk. Under the heaviness of the parachutist, the arch surged down, however promptly loaded up with air, and Jozef Drevnitsky easily dropped to the ground. Sibling Stanislav additionally went down on an inflatable close by. The principal hop established such a colossal connection with Jozef Drevnitsky that he chose to rehash it. Following his sibling, Stanislav additionally became keen on hopping. The Drevnitskys took a few dozen leaps in three years thus worked out their strategy and further developed the actual parachute that there were no significant mishaps with them. Taking a gander at the flights and striking leaps of the siblings, their more youthful sister Olga additionally chose to accomplish something so strange for young ladies of that time. In 1896, she took her first parachute leap and quickly turned into an enthusiastic aficionado of this game of the daring. Yet, the senior sibling, Jozef Drevnitsky, did the most for the prominence of dropping in Russia. On July 23, 1910, he took an exhibition leap in St. Petersburg. Huge number of individuals came to see the well known "jumper". On the site in the Krestovsky Garden, the shell of a huge montgolfier was spread out. At the point when the inflatable was expanded with hot air, it was scarcely held by thirty laborers. At the base, under the container, a parachute was suspended in a half-open structure. At the order of Jozef Drevnitsky, the laborers delivered the inflatable, and it immediately took off to a tallness of 200 meters. Here Drevnitsky serenely isolated himself from the container, and before the group could pant, the parachute opened and, similar to an immense umbrella, delicately brought the valiant man down to the ground, to whom the crowd gave an applause. Interest in the parachute was extraordinary to the point that Drevnitsky needed to make in excess of twelve leaps in St. Petersburg, and in absolute he made multiple hundred of them, staying safe. This was the most ideal way of persuading that the possibility of the parachute was right and that it essentially required working out. The cumbersomeness and burden of parachutes being used were entirely self-evident, to the point that numerous balloonists liked to fly without them. 

On March 1, 1912, the primary parachute hop from a plane was made. It was made by the American skipper Albert Berry in the territory of Montanna. In the wake of hopping from a stature of 1,500 feet and flying 400 feet in free fall, Berry opened his parachute and landed effectively on the procession ground of his unit. 

On June 21, 1913, another lady took a parachute leap. Georgia Thompson took her introduction leap over Los Angeles. 

The designer of the drop in its advanced structure is G. E. Kotelnikov (1872-1944), a designer from St. Petersburg, who was the first on the planet to make a travel bag parachute, in 1912 getting a patent for this development in Russia, France, Germany and the USA [2]. Interestingly, he isolated all the suspension slings into two gatherings, put the gadget in a travel bag appended to the pilot; a shaft opening was utilized in the focal point of the arch for air outlet. The Kotelnikov parachute was tried on June 6, 1912 at the Gatchina camp of the Aeronautical School. 

In the post-progressive years, Kotelnikov kept chipping away at parachutes - as of now for Soviet aeronautics. The principal salvage drop in the USSR was utilized by aircraft tester M. M. Gromov on June 23, 1927 at the Khodynka landing strip. He purposely put the vehicle into a spiral, from which he was unable to get out, and at a height of 600 m left the plane with a salvage parachute. 

Later on, Kotelnikov altogether worked on the plan of the parachute, made new models (counting various freight parachutes), which were embraced by the Soviet Air Force. 

In December 1941, Kotelnikov was cleared to Moscow. A rear entryway on the region of the previous Commandant's runway was named after Kotelnikov in 1973. Starting around 1949, the town of Saluzi close to Gatchina, where the designer tried the parachute he made in the camp of the Officer Aeronautical School in 1912, has been named Kotelnikov (in 1972, a dedication sign was opened at the entry to it). A parachute of an American organization made of unadulterated silk was utilized (incidentally, all pilots who got away with the assistance of parachutes of this organization were granted a particular sign a little brilliant figure of a silkworm). Around the same time, these parachutes saved the existences of two more aircraft testers: V. Pisarenko and B. Buchholz. A little later, a unique help showed up in Soviet avionics to guarantee the salvage of pilots in flight, coordinated by L. G. Minov. On July 26, 1930, a gathering of military pilots drove by Minov performed hops from a multi-seat airplane interestingly. From that point forward, this day has been viewed as the start of the mass advancement of parachutism in the USSR. 

Drop tower in the Central Park in Leningrad 

In the years going before the Great Patriotic War, a ton of work was done in the USSR on military preparing of the tactical age populace for the arranged mass airborne tasks. In such manner, skydiving turned into a fundamental fascination in the alleged pre-war "Parks of Culture and Recreation", where parachute towers were introduced. 

In 1934, the planner Lobanov proposed another state of the arch - square and level, in 1935 another games and preparing parachute with a variable pace of plunge was placed into activity. Architects Doronin siblings without precedent for the world planned a machine for opening a parachute at a given tallness.

Edited by Nursat
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Thanks for sharing historic information about early parachutes in Russia and the Soviet Union. Since that information is almost impossible to to find in English or French language sources, we encourage you to post more in the Skydiving History & Trivia section. 

Few Western sources mention more than the German fascist Herman Goering being impressed by a Soviet parachute display during 1930.

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